In the heart of global maritime trade, a silent giant has been shaping the landscape of container ports worldwide: the harbour crane, particularly those manufactured by China’s Shanghai Zhenhua Heavy Industries (ZPMC). With an astounding 80% market share, these cranes are not just mere machinery but critical components of modern port infrastructure, integrating advanced technology and sophisticated digital systems.

This in-depth guide delves into the complex world of Chinese-made harbour cranes, exploring their rise to dominance, the technological advancements that make them indispensable, and the significant national security concerns they pose. Readers will gain insights into how these cranes have become central to global logistics, the economic and strategic implications of their widespread use, and the ongoing efforts by the U.S. and other countries to mitigate potential cybersecurity risks and dependency on Chinese manufacturing.

From the historical context of ZPMC’s ascent to the current geopolitical tensions surrounding these cranes, this guide will provide a comprehensive understanding of the intricate web of technology, economics, and national

MHC45T45M Mobile Harbour Crane

Since the specific website you mentioned is not accessible in the search results provided, I will create a comprehensive guide based on the general characteristics, features, and applications of Mobile Harbor Cranes (MHCs) using the information from the available sources.

Mobile Harbor Cranes (MHCs): A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction

Mobile Harbor Cranes are versatile and efficient pieces of equipment used in ports for handling a wide range of cargo, including containers, bulk materials, general cargo, and heavy project loads. They have become a vital component in modern port operations due to their mobility, efficiency, and adaptability.

Key Features of Mobile Harbor Cranes

Modularity and Flexibility

• MHCs are designed with high modularity, allowing them to be easily adapted to different port infrastructures and requirements. This includes options for rubber-tyred, rail-mounted, or even floating units[4].
• The drive concept can be chosen from conventional diesel engines, hybrid drives, or electric drive systems, enhancing their flexibility and environmental compatibility[4].

Lifting Capacities

• MHCs offer a wide range of lifting capacities to handle various types of cargo. For example, Liebherr’s LHM series can handle loads up to 308 tonnes at 18 meters outreach and up to 100 tonnes at 47 meters outreach[3].
• Konecranes Gottwald MHCs can handle loads such as 63 t lifting capacity up to a radius of 29 m for general cargo and up to 125 t for project cargo[2].

Container Handling

• MHCs are capable of handling containers efficiently, serving vessels with widths of up to 22 rows of containers, from Feeder ships to Ultra Large Container Vessels (ULCV). They can manage single or twin lifts of containers ranging from 10’ to 53’ using manual, semi, or fully automatic telescopic spreaders[3][5].

Bulk Cargo Handling

• These cranes are designed for high-performance bulk handling, serving vessels up to Capesize class. For instance, Konecranes Gottwald MHCs can handle bulk cargo with grab load curves of up to 63 t in A8 classification up to a radius of 38 m[2].

Heavy Lift and Project Cargo

• MHCs are equipped to handle heavy and bulky project cargo with high precision. Liebherr’s flagship model can lift up to 308 tonnes at 18 meters outreach, and this capacity can be doubled in tandem operation[3].
• Konecranes Gottwald MHCs can handle project loads with lifting capacities of up to 200 t and can perform tandem lifts of up to 400 t using the Tandem Lift Assistant[5].

Technical Specifications and Innovations

Boom Design

• The 4-Chord Boom design, as seen in Liebherr’s LHM series, provides maximum stability and precise crane movement, ensuring a longer service life[4].

Hydrostatic Drive

• Closed hydraulic loops are used for all main functions such as hoisting, slewing, and luffing, offering extremely precise control and reduced fuel consumption[4].

Luffing Cylinder

• The tension cylinder is located above the boom, protecting it from damage and ensuring no risk of buckling. The piston rod is fully protected in the parking position[4].

X-Shaped Support Base

• The star-shaped supporting base reduces torsion strain on the steel structure, ensuring optimal vertical stability during operation[4].

Machinery Housing

• Made from Glass-Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP), the machinery housing is lightweight and corrosion-free, with all components easily accessible for maintenance[4].

Operational Benefits

Precise Control and Safety

• MHCs are equipped with advanced control systems, including remote control and electronic operation, which improve operation functionality and accuracy. They also feature failsafe negative brakes and special sealing systems designed for severe environmental conditions[1][4].

Environmental Compatibility

• Many MHCs use environmentally acceptable lubricants (EAL fluids) and are designed to work in harsh and aggressive environments, making them a more sustainable option[1].

Maintenance and Accessibility

• The design of MHCs ensures easy maintenance with individually steerable wheel sets, load balancing, and access from all sides. This enhances the overall efficiency and reduces downtime[4].

Applications in Port Operations

General and Project Cargo

• MHCs are versatile enough to handle all types of general cargo and project cargo, including heavy lifts, bulk materials, and steel or scrap metal[1][2].

Container Terminals

• They play a crucial role in container terminals, assisting ship-to-shore gantries in loading and unloading containers efficiently. They can handle single or twin lifts of containers across various vessel sizes[3][5].

Bulk Cargo Terminals

• MHCs are essential for high-performance bulk handling, serving vessels up to Capesize class and handling bulk cargo with high precision and efficiency[2].

Conclusion

Mobile Harbor Cranes are indispensable assets in modern port operations, offering a combination of flexibility, efficiency, and precision. Their ability to handle a wide range of cargo types, from containers to heavy project loads, makes them a vital component in ensuring the smooth operation of ports. With their advanced technical specifications and operational benefits, MHCs continue to evolve to meet the ever-increasing demands of maritime cargo handling.

Heavy Duty Dock Mobile Harbor Cargo …

Mobile Harbor Cargo Transportation Cranes: An In-Depth Guide

Introduction

Mobile harbor cranes are essential equipment in modern port infrastructure, designed to handle a wide range of cargo types with high efficiency and flexibility. Here is a comprehensive guide to these cranes, highlighting their key features, applications, and operational capabilities.

Key Features

Rated Load and Span

• These cranes have a rated load capacity ranging from 20 to 150 tons, making them versatile for various cargo handling tasks[1].
• The span of these cranes can vary from 7 to 52 meters, allowing them to cover a significant area of the dock or port.

Rotation and Mobility

• Mobile harbor cranes are capable of a 360-degree rotation, enhancing their maneuverability and efficiency in handling cargo from different angles[1].
• They are equipped with wheels that can move laterally on rail tracks or normal truck tires, allowing them to be relocated as needed[3].

Lifting Devices

• These cranes can be equipped with spreaders, grabs, or other lifting devices to handle different types of cargo, including containers, bulk cargo, and mass goods[1].

Applications

Cargo Handling

• Mobile harbor cranes are primarily used for loading and unloading cargo from vessels. They can handle containers, bulk cargo such as coal or ore, and general cargo like heavy machinery or project cargo[1][3][4].

Container Operations

• These cranes are capable of handling single or twin lifts of containers, including all regular container sizes from 10’ to 53’. They can serve vessels ranging from feeder ships to Ultra Large Container Vessels (ULCV)[4].

Bulk Cargo Operations

• Equipped with various types of grabs, mobile harbor cranes can handle bulk materials with high efficiency, achieving material handling rates of up to 2,300 tonnes per hour[4].

Project Cargo

• The cranes are also suitable for handling heavy and bulky project cargo, such as gas and steam turbines, generators, wind turbines, or yachts, due to their high lifting capacities and precision[2].

Operational Capabilities

Continuous Duty

• Mobile harbor cranes are designed for continuous-duty operations, capable of working 24/7 under tough conditions. They maintain high working speeds even during lifting, slewing, and luffing motions[2].

Flexibility and Versatility

• These cranes are highly adaptable and can be configured to match the growing needs of container terminals. They can be upgraded with new geometries, such as higher towers and longer booms, to serve new vessel classes[2].

Automation and Digitization

• Modern mobile harbor cranes are integrating automation and digitization to enhance efficiency and safety. Features like IoT, radio remote controls, and smart crane features contribute to increased productivity and reliability[3].

Components and Design

Boom

• The boom is a critical component, acting as a mechanical arm for lifting cargo. It can be a fixed beam or a telescopic boom that extends and rotates freely as required[3].

Rails, Wheels, and Chassis

• Most mobile harbor cranes run on wheels laid on rail tracks, while smaller ones may use normal truck tires for greater mobility[3].

Lifting Devices and Accessories

• The cranes can be fitted with various lifting devices such as spreaders, grabs, and hooks. These devices enable the cranes to handle a wide range of cargo types efficiently[1].

Economic and Environmental Implications

Economic Efficiency

• The mobility of these cranes allows for efficient handling of large volumes of cargo, reducing the time and resources needed for cargo operations. This feature has significant economic implications, especially in busy ports where multiple vessels need to be served simultaneously[3].

Energy Efficiency

• Modern mobile harbor cranes are designed to be energy efficient, contributing to the broader goal of green and sustainable port operations. This includes the use of advanced technologies to minimize energy consumption while maintaining high operational efficiency[3].

Conclusion

Mobile harbor cranes are indispensable in modern port operations, offering a combination of high lifting capacities, flexibility, and efficiency. Their ability to handle a variety of cargo types, from containers to bulk materials and project cargo, makes them a vital component of any port infrastructure. As technology continues to evolve, these cranes are becoming increasingly automated and energy-efficient, further enhancing their role in the logistics and transportation sector.

Mobile Harbour Cranes Made in China

Mobile Harbour Cranes: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction

Mobile harbour cranes (MHCs) are versatile and essential pieces of equipment in modern port operations, designed to handle a variety of cargo types, including containers, bulk cargo, and general goods. Here is a detailed guide to their features, functionalities, and benefits.

Key Components and Features

Undercarriage

MHCs are available with different types of undercarriages to suit various operational needs:
– Tyre-type: Allows for flexible movement and is ideal for terminals without rail infrastructure.
– Rail-type: Provides stability and is suitable for terminals with rail tracks, enabling the crane to be accessed by wagons and trains.
– Gantry-tyre type: A hybrid option that combines the advantages of both tyre-type and rail-type undercarriages, eliminating the need for rail installation while maintaining accessibility[2][4].

Hydraulic and Electric Systems

• Hydraulic System: The winch, slewing, and luffing systems operate on a powerful hydraulic system, ensuring precise control, low fuel consumption, and easy maintenance[2].
• Electric System: Top-brand electric components are used to ensure easy maintenance and high performance. The cranes can also be powered by shore power, reducing environmental impact[4].

Performance Data

• Rated Capacity: MHCs have varying rated capacities, typically ranging from 20 to 210 tons, depending on the model and application (e.g., container handling, bulk handling)[2][5].
• Hook (Heavy lift): Up to 150 tons.
• Spreader (Container handling): Up to 65 tons.
• 4-rope grab (Bulk handling): Up to 50 tons.
• Working Speeds:
• Max Hoist speed: 120 m/min.
• Max Slewing speed: 1.6 rpm.
• Max Luffing speed: 85 m/min.
• Max Travelling speed: 5 km/h[2].
• Working Radius: Typically ranges from 11 to 54 meters[2].

Structural Design and Safety

• Tower Structure: Designed with high-strength plates and variable cross-sections for reliability and strength. The boom is often a truss type with the cylinder located above to avoid cargo collisions[2].
• Safety Features: The cranes are equipped with advanced safety measures, including anti-sway technology for smoother and more stable operations, reducing operator fatigue and increasing efficiency[4].

Operational Capabilities

Mobility and Flexibility

MHCs are known for their mobility and flexibility:
– 360-degree Rotation: Allows for versatile operation in different directions.
– Easy Movement: Can travel to different operating points, making them ideal for peak loading stages and various port operations[2][5].

Intelligent Systems

• Intelligent Loading & Unloading System: Optimizes operation paths and action plans, requiring minimal operator input and reducing the need for complicated training[4].
• Anti-Sway Technology: Enhances stability during container operations, saving time and improving efficiency.
• Intelligent Grabbing Technology: Adapts to various materials and optimizes grab actions for maximum efficiency[4].

Environmental and Maintenance Considerations

Environmental Efficiency

• Shore Power Option: Allows the crane to switch between diesel engines and shore power, reducing environmental impact.
• Hydraulic Accumulator: Stores energy and optimizes its use, further enhancing environmental efficiency[4].

Maintenance

• Product Life Analysis System: Provides a clear map of the equipment’s condition, enabling better maintenance planning and estimating equipment value.
• Local Service Teams: Many manufacturers offer local service teams with expertise and quick response times, ensuring minimal downtime and effective maintenance[2][4].

User-Friendly Design

Operator Comfort

• Operation Room: Designed for broad visibility, comfort, and easy operation. Features include noiseless rooms and anti-glare toughened glass for safe and effective operation[2].

Multi-Machine Cooperative Operating System

• Allows operators to command multiple cranes simultaneously, maximizing the utilization of each crane’s lifting capacity[4].

Applications

Types of Cargo

MHCs are versatile and can handle:
– Containers
– Bulk Cargo
– General Goods

They are ideal for various types of terminals, including container terminals, bulk terminals, and multi-purpose terminals[2][5].

Conclusion

Mobile harbour cranes are critical assets in modern port operations, offering a blend of efficiency, flexibility, and environmental sustainability. With advanced features such as intelligent loading systems, anti-sway technology, and various undercarriage options, these cranes are designed to meet the diverse needs of different terminals and cargo types. Their user-friendly design and robust maintenance support ensure they remain a valuable investment for any port operation.

Joint Investigation into CCP-Backed Company Supplying …

Joint Investigation into CCP-Backed Company Supplying Cranes to U.S. Ports: Key Findings and Implications

Introduction

A joint investigation by several House committees has uncovered significant concerns regarding Chinese-built cargo cranes deployed at various U.S. ports. The investigation focuses on cranes supplied by Shanghai Zhenhua Heavy Industries (ZPMC), a state-owned Chinese manufacturer.

Scope of the Investigation

• The investigation involves multiple House committees examining the installation and operation of ZPMC ship-to-shore (STS) cranes at U.S. maritime ports.
• It includes an analysis of communications equipment found on these cranes and the potential security risks associated with them.

Key Findings

Unauthorized Communications Equipment

• Cellular modems were discovered on ZPMC STS crane components at several U.S. seaports.
• These modems were not part of the original equipment contracts and were installed without the knowledge or request of the U.S. port authorities.
• Some of these modems were found in server rooms housing the cranes’ firewall and networking equipment[1].

Operational and Security Concerns

• While some modems were used for legitimate operational functions such as remote monitoring and maintenance tracking, others were installed without any clear purpose.
• This has raised concerns that these modems could be used for surveillance or sabotage, given their potential for remote communication[1].

Involvement of Other Companies

• The investigation also looks into the role of the Swiss company ABB, which supplies operational components to ZPMC.
• These components are stored in China for several months before being installed on U.S.-bound port equipment by ZPMC engineers[1].

ZPMC’s Ties to the CCP

• ZPMC is a state-owned Chinese company, and the investigation seeks information about its engagement with the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and any directives it may have received.
• The company’s proximity to PLA naval facilities, where advanced warships are built, further heightens security concerns[1].

Security Implications

Potential for Espionage

• The presence of unauthorized communications equipment on critical infrastructure like cargo cranes poses a significant risk of espionage.
• This could allow for the collection of sensitive information about U.S. port operations and potentially compromise national security[1].

Historical Context

• In 2021, the FBI discovered intelligence-gathering equipment on a vessel delivering ZPMC cranes to the Port of Baltimore, highlighting previous instances of suspected espionage[1].

Dominance in U.S. Ports

• ZPMC cranes account for nearly 80% of the STS cranes in use at U.S. maritime ports, amplifying the potential impact of any security vulnerabilities[1].

Government and Administrative Responses

Congressional Actions

• The House committees have requested detailed information from ZPMC regarding the installation of the communications equipment and the company’s interactions with the CCP.
• There is ongoing scrutiny of the contracts and procurement processes involving ZPMC and other related companies[1].

Administrative Concerns

• The Biden administration is aware of the findings and is considering the implications for national security.
• There is a growing concern within the administration about the potential risks associated with Chinese-made equipment in critical U.S. infrastructure[1].

Conclusion

The joint investigation has revealed alarming findings about the security risks associated with Chinese-built cargo cranes at U.S. ports. The presence of unauthorized communications equipment, the involvement of state-owned Chinese companies, and the historical context of espionage attempts all contribute to a compelling case for heightened vigilance and regulatory action. As the U.S. continues to rely on these cranes for maritime operations, addressing these security concerns is crucial to protecting national security interests.

Genma Mobile Harbour Crane – The 3rd Generation, 20% …

Genma 3rd Generation Mobile Harbour Crane: An In-Depth Guide

Introduction

Genma has recently launched the 3rd generation of its Mobile Harbour Crane (GHC), marking a significant advancement in intelligence, efficiency, and profitability for customers. Here is a comprehensive overview of the key features and improvements of this new generation.

Structure Upgrade and Undercarriage Choices

Enhanced Tower Structure

The tower structure of the latest GHC has been upgraded to be stronger and more reliable. This enhancement ensures greater stability and durability, which are crucial for heavy-duty operations.

New Gantry-Tyre Type Undercarriage

A notable upgrade is the introduction of a new gantry-tyre type undercarriage. This design combines the advantages of both rail-type and tyre-type undercarriages:
– No Need for Rail Installation: Unlike traditional rail-type cranes, this new undercarriage does not require the installation of rails on the terminal ground.
– Flexibility and Accessibility: It retains the flexibility of tyre-type cranes, allowing for easy movement to different operating points, and also benefits from being accessible by wagons and trains.

Increased Handling Efficiency

The 3rd generation GHC boasts a nearly 20% increase in handling efficiency, achieved through several innovative features:

Intelligent Loading & Unloading System

• Optimal Operation Path: The system can choose the optimal operation path and execute the action plan quickly.
• Simplified Operation: Operators only need to set the initial and destination points, eliminating the need for complicated training.

Anti-Sway Technology

• Smoothened Container Operations: Improved anti-sway technology ensures smoother and more stable container operations.
• Time Savings and Reduced Operator Fatigue: This technology saves time and reduces operator fatigue, contributing to overall efficiency.

Intelligent Grabbing Technology

• Adaptability to Various Materials: The grab can adapt to a variety of materials.
• Optimized Grab Actions: Each grab action is optimized to grab materials to the greatest extent within different working radii, enhancing efficiency.

Environmental Considerations

Shore Power Option

• Switch Between Diesel Engine and Shore Power: Users can easily switch between diesel engine and shore power, reducing environmental impact.

Hydraulic Accumulator

• Energy Storage: The hydraulic accumulator stores energy and utilizes it, a new feature in the 3rd generation GHC. This uses proven energy storage technology to enhance efficiency and reduce energy consumption.

Additional Advantages

Product Life Analysis System

• Clear Equipment Condition Mapping: This system provides a clear map of the equipment condition, enabling better maintenance planning and equipment value estimation.

Multi Machine Cooperative Operating System

• Simultaneous Control of Two Cranes: Operators can command two cranes simultaneously, ensuring both cranes are fully utilized at their maximum lifting capacity.

Conclusion

The 3rd generation Genma Mobile Harbour Crane represents a significant leap in technology and efficiency. With its enhanced structure, intelligent loading and unloading system, anti-sway technology, and environmental considerations, this crane is designed to increase profitability and reduce operational challenges for customers. The additional features such as product life analysis and multi-machine cooperative operating systems further solidify its position as a cutting-edge solution in material handling.

Harbour Portal Crane Manufacturer In China

Harbour Portal Crane: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction

Harbour portal cranes are sophisticated material handling machines designed to optimize loading and unloading operations in port environments. These cranes combine high efficiency, compact design, and advanced safety features, making them indispensable in modern port facilities.

Key Components and Mechanisms

Frame and Structure

• The crane is composed of a robust frame, often with a portal or gantry structure, which provides stability and supports the various mechanisms[1][4].

Lifting Mechanism

• This mechanism is responsible for the vertical movement of the load. It typically includes a hoist winch and a hook or spreader device (such as a grab, container spreader, or hook)[1][4].

Luffing Mechanism

• This mechanism allows the crane’s jib or boom to move up and down, adjusting the angle to handle loads at different heights[1][4].

Slewing Mechanism

• Enables the crane to rotate 360 degrees, allowing it to cover a wide working area without needing to move the entire crane[1][4].

Travelling Mechanism

• Allows the crane to move along a rail track, increasing its operational range and flexibility[1][4].

Features and Benefits

High Working Efficiency

• Harbour portal cranes are designed to quicken the turnover and operation of loading and unloading, significantly improving port efficiency[1].

Compact Frame

• Despite their robust structure, these cranes have a compact design that minimizes space usage, making them ideal for congested port areas[1].

Calm Movement and Comfortable Operation

• The cranes are engineered for calm and smooth movements, ensuring comfortable operation and enhancing safety[1].

Convenience and Maintenance

• Designed with ease of maintenance in mind, these cranes have accessible components and a user-friendly design, reducing downtime and maintenance costs[1].

Safety Devices

• Equipped with a range of safety devices including overload limit switches, rubber buffers, electric protective devices, emergency stop systems, voltage lower protection functions, current overload protection systems, rail anchoring, and lifting height limit devices[1][4].

Applications

Port Operations

• Primary use in loading and unloading cargo at ports, handling containers, bulk goods, and general cargo[1][2].

Dockyards and Shipbuilding

• Used in material handling at dockyards and shipbuilding and repairing yards due to their versatility and heavy-duty capabilities[1][4].

Metallurgy Industry

• Employed in the metallurgy industry for handling heavy loads and materials[1][4].

Working Conditions

Environmental Conditions

• The cranes are designed to operate in temperatures ranging from -20°C to +45°C and relative humidity not exceeding 95% (with dew)[1].

Wind Speed

• The cranes can operate safely in wind speeds up to 20 m/s[1].

Installation Requirements

• The installation of the crane rail must comply with specific standards (e.g., JT5022)[1].

Customization and Design

Tailored Designs

• Harbour portal cranes can be designed according to specific customer requirements, ensuring they meet the unique needs of different port facilities[1].

Flexibility in Operation

• These cranes can be equipped with various lifting attachments such as manual, semi, or fully automatic telescopic spreaders to handle different types of cargo[3].

Operational Advantages

Space-Saving Technology

• Portal cranes offer space-saving assembly on rail-mounted portals, making them suitable for congested port areas[2].

Versatility

• Capable of handling a wide range of cargo, from containers to bulk goods and heavy lifts, making them versatile assets for any port[2][3].

Advanced Control Systems

• Some models are equipped with advanced control systems like Liebherr’s Litronic®, which automatically recognizes and pre-selects the lifting device, ensuring continuity and versatility[3].

Maintenance and Support

Easy Maintenance

• Designed with easy maintenance in mind, with components that are easily accessible and a low number of parts, reducing maintenance time and costs[3].

Technical Support

• Manufacturers often provide technical support, field installation assistance, and assembly videos to ensure smooth operation and maintenance[5].

Conclusion

Harbour portal cranes are essential for modern port operations due to their high efficiency, safety features, and versatility. By understanding the key components, features, and applications of these cranes, port operators can optimize their loading and unloading processes, ensuring smoother and more efficient operations.

Chinese-Built Port Cranes May Be Able to Call …

Chinese-Built Port Cranes: Potential National Security Risks and Implications

Introduction

Chinese-built port cranes, predominantly manufactured by Shanghai Zhenhua Heavy Industries (ZPMC), have raised significant concerns regarding national security and cybersecurity in the United States. Here is a comprehensive guide to the issues and implications surrounding these cranes.

Discovery of Communication Devices

A congressional investigation has uncovered that some Chinese-built cargo cranes at U.S. ports contain communication devices, including cellular modems, that could be accessed remotely. These devices were found in cranes that did not have a clear purpose or record of their installation, fueling concerns about potential espionage and disruption of port operations[1][2][4].

National Security Concerns

The presence of these communication devices has sparked worries among lawmakers and national security officials. Here are some key concerns:

Intelligence Collection

The devices could be used for intelligence collection, allowing China to gather information about the activities and operations at U.S. ports. This includes tracking the provenance and destination of containers, which could be crucial for understanding U.S. military logistics and supply chains[1][2][4].

Infrastructure Sabotage

There is a risk that these cranes could be remotely controlled to disrupt or sabotage port operations. This could lead to significant economic and security consequences, including the potential to shut down domestic port operations and disrupt military and commercial supply chains[1][2][4].

Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities

The operational technology (OT) systems of these cranes are vulnerable to exploitation. Here are some key points:

Remote Access

The cranes can be controlled, serviced, and programmed from remote locations, which leaves them open to potential hacking and exploitation by Chinese government hackers or other adversaries[4].

Data Collection

The technology in these cranes allows for real-time monitoring of their operations and the collection of data from the shipping containers they handle. This data could provide valuable insights into American critical infrastructure[4].

Government Response

In response to these concerns, the U.S. government has taken several steps:

Maritime Security Directive

The U.S. Coast Guard is set to issue a Maritime Security Directive on cyber risk management actions for ship-to-shore cranes manufactured by China. This directive requires owners and operators to acknowledge and take specific actions to secure these cranes and their associated IT and OT systems[2].

Replacement of Foreign-Built Cranes

The Biden administration plans to invest in replacing foreign-built cranes with domestically manufactured ones. This includes a partnership with PACEO Corp., a U.S.-based subsidiary of Japanese Mitsui E&S, to produce cranes that will replace those made by ZPMC[2].

Cybersecurity Measures

The government has introduced maritime cybersecurity measures to protect critical infrastructure from Chinese cyberattacks. This includes broader efforts to bolster cybersecurity at U.S. ports and ensure the secure operation of port equipment[1][2].

Broader Implications

The issue of Chinese-built port cranes is part of a larger context of global competition and security concerns:

Automation and Global Influence

China is leading in the development and implementation of automated port technologies, which raises concerns about their control over vital resources and trade routes. This includes the use of autonomous container trucks and intelligent control systems in ports worldwide[3].

Global Supply Chain Risks

The potential for China to exploit technology in port equipment highlights broader risks in the global supply chain. Previous incidents, such as the insertion of a computer “worm” virus into a major package carrier’s systems, underscore the need for vigilance in securing logistics and supply chain technologies[4].

Conclusion

The presence of communication devices in Chinese-built port cranes at U.S. ports poses significant national security and cybersecurity risks. The U.S. government’s response includes issuing security directives, replacing foreign-built cranes, and enhancing cybersecurity measures. As the global shipping industry continues to evolve with automation and technological advancements, addressing these vulnerabilities is crucial to maintaining the security and integrity of critical infrastructure.

Mobile Harbor Cranes

Guide to Konecranes Gottwald Mobile Harbor Cranes

Introduction

Konecranes Gottwald Mobile Harbor Cranes are innovative and versatile equipment designed for efficient cargo handling in various port and terminal environments. Since their introduction in 1956, these cranes have been continuously developed to enhance performance, versatility, and eco-efficiency.

Key Features and Capabilities

Continuous Duty and High Performance

• Designed for continuous-duty operation under tough conditions, allowing 24/7 operation[1][2][4].
• High working speeds even when performing lifting, slewing, and luffing motions simultaneously[1][2][4].

Cargo Handling Versatility

• Capable of handling all types of cargo, including containers, general cargo, project cargo, and bulk cargo[1][3][4].
• Can serve vessels up to super post-Panamax class, depending on the model[2][4].

Models and Specifications

ESP.6 Mobile Harbor Cranes

• Serve Panamax class vessels.
• Single-lift up to the 13th row and twin-lift up to the 9th row for containers[3].
• Powerful 63 t lifting capacity curve up to 32 m for general cargo.
• 125 t lifting capacity up to a radius of 18 m for project cargo.
• High-performance bulk handling with a 40 t grab load curve in A8 classification up to a radius of 31 m[3].

ESP.7 Mobile Harbor Cranes

• Serve post-Panamax class vessels.
• Single-lift up to the 16th row and twin-lift up to the 12th row for containers[5].
• Powerful 74 t lifting capacity curve up to 33 m for general cargo.
• 125 t lifting capacity up to a radius of 21 m for project cargo.
• High-performance bulk handling with a 52 t grab load curve in A8 classification up to a radius of 30 m[5].

ESP.10 Mobile Harbor Cranes

• Serve vessels up to super post-Panamax class.
• Single-lift up to the 22nd row and twin-lift up to the 17th row for containers[4].
• Powerful 74 t lifting capacity curve up to 44 m for general cargo.
• 125 t lifting capacity up to a radius of 30 m for project cargo.
• High-performance bulk handling with a 50 t motor grab load curve in A8 classification up to a radius of 41 m[4].

Technical Specifications

Dimensions and Weight

Each model has specific dimensions and weight:
– ESP.6: Minimum radius of 11,000 mm, maximum radius of 49,000 mm, and weight of approximately 375 t[3].
– ESP.7: Minimum radius of 11,000 mm, maximum radius of 51,000 mm, and weight of approximately 450 t[5].
– ESP.10: Minimum radius of 12,000 mm, maximum radius of 64,000 mm, and weight of approximately 665 t[4].

Chassis and Travel Gear

• Multiple axles, steered axles, and driven axles for robust mobility.
• Crab steering and vertical axle compensation for stability and maneuverability[3][5][4].

Working and Traveling Speeds

• Hoisting/lowering speeds up to 120 m/min.
• Slewing speeds up to 1.6 rpm.
• Luffing speeds averaging 65-85 m/min.
• Traveling speeds up to 80 m/min[3][5][4].

Operational Benefits

Flexibility and Adaptability

• Can operate independently of any quay infrastructure, making them suitable for universal and special terminals[1].
• Adaptable to match and grow with container terminals to meet new conditions and challenges[1].

High Handling Rates

• Handling rates up to 2,000 t/h depending on site conditions[1].
• High working speeds and efficient lifting capacities ensure high handling rates for 24/7 operations[2].

Precision and Safety

• Precise handling of bulky and heavy project cargo with high lifting capacities and small dynamic forces[1].
• Equipped with tandem lift and vertical lift assistants to prevent diagonal pull, ensuring safe and stable operations[1].

Eco-Efficiency

• Designed with eco-efficiency in mind, contributing to reduced environmental impact[1].

Additional Features

Radio Remote Controls

• Equipped with radio remote controls for easy operation by a single crane operator[1].

Dust Suppression Systems

• Include dust suppression systems for machinery and drives, particularly useful in bulk handling operations[1].

Pedestal Mounting

• Can be mounted on a pedestal directly on the terminal floor, an option for terminals with small quay areas[3][4][5].

Conclusion

Konecranes Gottwald Mobile Harbor Cranes are highly advanced and versatile pieces of equipment, designed to meet the diverse needs of cargo handling in various port environments. With their high performance, adaptability, and eco-efficiency, these cranes are essential for optimizing operations in modern terminals.

Chinese-made port cranes in US included ‘backdoor …

Overview of the Security Risks Posed by Chinese-Made Port Cranes in the US

Introduction

A recent congressional examination conducted by the House Select Committee on China and the House Homeland Security Committee has uncovered significant security vulnerabilities associated with Chinese-made port cranes in the United States. Here is a detailed guide to the findings and implications of this investigation.

Key Findings of the Congressional Investigation

Technological Backdoors

• The investigation revealed that Chinese-made ship-to-shore cranes, manufactured by Shanghai Zhenhua Heavy Industries Company Limited (ZPMC), contain technological backdoors. These backdoors are in the form of cellular modems that were not requested by U.S. ports or included in the contracts[1][3][5].

Purpose of the Modems

• These cellular modems, connected to Linux computers on the port cranes, were intended for the collection of usage data on the equipment. However, they create a significant backdoor security vulnerability that could undermine the integrity of port operations. Technicians at the ports believed these modems were for diagnostic purposes, but they were not necessary for the operation of the cranes[1][3][5].

Remote Access and Cybersecurity Risks

• ZPMC has pressured port operators to allow remote access to the cranes, ostensibly for maintenance and diagnostic purposes. However, this access could potentially be extended to other Chinese government entities due to China’s national security laws that mandate companies cooperate with state intelligence agencies[2][3][5].

Contractual Agreements

• Contracts reviewed by lawmakers showed that many agreements allowed critical internal components from third-party contractors to be sent to ZPMC for installation. This lack of oversight raises concerns about the potential for unauthorized modifications or the installation of backdoors into the equipment[1][3][4].

National Security Implications

Dominance in Maritime Infrastructure

• ZPMC dominates the global market share of ship-to-shore (STS) cranes, accounting for roughly 80% of the STS cranes operational in the US. This dominance creates significant cybersecurity and national security vulnerabilities for the US and its allies[3][4].

Potential for Espionage and Disruption

• The presence of these backdoors and the potential for remote access by Chinese entities pose a serious threat to national security. This could enable espionage, disruption of port operations, and even the manipulation of U.S. maritime equipment and technology[2][3][5].

Geopolitical Concerns

• The report highlights concerns about China’s geopolitical ambitions, particularly regarding Taiwan. In a potential future dispute, China could restrict or manipulate the supply of critical components or materials essential to U.S. maritime infrastructure, severely disrupting U.S. commercial activities and hindering the Department of Defense’s (DoD) operations[3][4].

Recommendations and Actions

Severing Connections and Enhancing Cybersecurity

• The committees recommend that U.S. ports sever the connections between ZPMC cranes and the cellular modems and install operational technology monitoring software to enhance cybersecurity[3].

Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and Coast Guard Involvement

• The report suggests that the DHS and the U.S. Coast Guard should prioritize closing security gaps, particularly at strategic seaports like Guam, to ensure the safety and security of DoD-designated commercial strategic seaports[3].

Domestic Production of Critical Hardware

• To mitigate long-term risks, the U.S. is working to start domestic production of ship-to-shore cranes, in collaboration with Japanese heavy industrial company Matsui, to ensure a reliable supply of critical hardware[1].

Conclusion

The findings of the congressional investigation underscore the critical need for enhanced cybersecurity measures and a reevaluation of the reliance on Chinese-made equipment in U.S. port infrastructure. The presence of backdoors and the potential for remote access by Chinese entities pose significant risks to national security and the integrity of U.S. port operations. Addressing these vulnerabilities is essential to safeguarding U.S. economic and homeland security.

30t Mobile Port Crane Manufacturer Factory

Since the specific website content from https://www.oucomarine-group.com/port-solution/port-crane/30t-mobile-port-crane-manufacturer-factory.html is not provided, I will create a comprehensive guide based on the general characteristics and features of a 30-ton mobile port crane, drawing from similar sources.

Guide to 30-Ton Mobile Port Cranes

Introduction

Mobile port cranes are essential equipment in maritime and port operations, facilitating efficient loading and unloading of cargo. A 30-ton mobile port crane is a versatile and powerful tool designed to handle a variety of tasks in ports, shipyards, and other maritime environments.

Key Features

Lifting Capacity

• The primary feature of a 30-ton mobile port crane is its lifting capacity, which is 30 tons. This capacity includes the weight of the hook block and slings[2][4].

Working Range

• These cranes typically have a working range that includes various lifting heights and radii. For example, the maximum lifting height can be up to 45 meters above the rail and 10 meters below the rail[5].

Span and Lifting Height

• The span of the crane can be customized according to the user’s requirements but generally ranges from 10 to 20 meters. The lifting height can vary from 5 to 20 meters depending on the configuration[3].

Working Speed

• The working speeds of these cranes include lifting speeds, luffing speeds, slewing speeds, and traveling speeds. Typical values are:
• Lifting speed: 3-10 m/min
• Luffing speed: 35-60 m/min
• Slewing speed: 1.2-1.5 m/min
• Traveling speed: 15-25 m/min[5].

Technical Parameters

Boom and Jib

• The crane often features a multi-section boom, with the longest main boom extending up to 40 meters or more when combined with an auxiliary boom[2][4].

Engine and Power

• The engine power for these cranes is substantial, typically in the range of 145-192 kW, depending on the model and manufacturer[2][4].

Mobility

• Mobile port cranes are designed for mobility, with features such as:
• Max travel speed: up to 85 km/h
• Min turning diameter: around 20 meters
• Min ground clearance: around 261 mm[4].

Safety Devices and Features

Overload Protection

• Overload limit switches to prevent lifting beyond the crane’s capacity.

Emergency Systems

• Emergency stop systems to halt operations immediately in case of an emergency.

Stability and Anchoring

• Rail anchoring systems to ensure stability during operation.
• Rubber buffers to absorb impacts and prevent damage.

Electrical Protection

• Electric protective devices and current overload protection systems to safeguard against electrical malfunctions[3].

Applications

Port Operations

• These cranes are primarily used in ports for loading and unloading cargo, including containers, bulk cargo, and sundries.

Shipyard and Construction

• They are also used in shipyards for shipbuilding and repair, as well as in construction sites for general engineering projects[3][4].

Customization and Maintenance

Customization

• Many manufacturers offer customization options to meet specific user requirements, including span length, lifting height, and color[3][5].

Warranty and After-Sales Service

• Typically, these cranes come with a warranty period of 1-2 years and comprehensive after-sales service, including solution provision within a few hours[4][5].

Delivery and Packing

• The delivery time can vary from 7 to 30 days, depending on the manufacturer and production schedule. Cranes are usually packed in standard plywood boxes, wooden pallets, or containers[4].

Operational Considerations

Setup and Operation

• Ensure the crane is set up on firm and level ground before operation.
• Always check the weight of the load and select proper working conditions according to the rated load charts[2].

Environmental Conditions

• Lifting operations should only be performed when wind forces are below a certain grade (e.g., grade 5, instantaneous wind speed of 14.1 m/s)[2].

Operator Training

• Operators should be trained to understand the crane’s limits, boom deflection, and safety protocols to ensure safe and efficient operation.

Conclusion

A 30-ton mobile port crane is a critical asset for any port or maritime operation, offering a balance of lifting capacity, mobility, and safety features. Understanding its technical parameters, applications, and operational considerations is crucial for maximizing its utility and ensuring safe operation.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are the key parameters to consider when selecting a harbour crane from China?

When selecting a harbour crane from China, several key parameters need to be considered to ensure the crane meets your specific operational needs. These include the lifting capacity of the crane, which is the maximum weight the crane can lift in a single operation, usually measured in tons or kilograms. The lifting speed and crane travel speed are also crucial, as they impact the efficiency of port operations. Additionally, the span of the crane, which is the horizontal distance between the centerlines of the main girder running tracks, is important for determining the crane’s coverage area. Other factors include the type of crane (e.g., gantry, jib, or quayside container crane), the working class (how many hours the crane will work in a day), and the voltage and frequency of the power supply system. The working environment, such as temperature, humidity, and whether the crane will be used indoors or outdoors, should also be taken into account.

How do I ensure the quality and reliability of a harbour crane purchased from China?

Ensuring the quality and reliability of a harbour crane from China involves several steps. First, it is essential to select a reputable and reliable supplier with a proven track record of producing high-quality cranes. Look for suppliers with international quality certifications such as ISO and CE. Implement strict quality control measures during the manufacturing process, including regular inspections and testing. Require a comprehensive warranty that covers all parts and labor for a minimum period, typically 12 months. Also, ensure the supplier maintains a well-stocked inventory of spare parts to minimize downtime in case of repairs. Periodic performance evaluations, including load tests, should be conducted to verify the crane’s capacity and adherence to safety standards.

What are the common types of harbour cranes available from Chinese manufacturers?

Chinese manufacturers offer a diverse range of harbour cranes to meet various operational needs. Common types include quayside container cranes (also known as ship-to-shore cranes), which are essential for loading and unloading containers in ports. Gantry cranes are another type, known for their horizontal beam supported by legs at each end, and are often used for heavy lifting tasks. Jib cranes, with their fixed or movable boom, are versatile and can be used in different port environments. Additionally, there are general bridge cranes, explosion-proof overhead cranes, and mobile cranes, each designed for specific applications and conditions.

How do I manage the logistics and shipping of a harbour crane from China?

Managing the logistics and shipping of a harbour crane from China requires careful planning due to the size and complexity of these cranes. Typically, these cranes are transported via ocean freight using Roll-On Roll-Off (Ro-Ro) or breakbulk shipping methods. It is advisable to partner with experienced logistics companies that specialize in handling oversized cargo. Essential documents for customs clearance include a commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading, and certificate of origin. Ensure that all specifications, delivery commitments, and after-sales support are clearly outlined in the contract. Gathering multiple shipping quotes to find the best price and service combination is also crucial.

What are the potential risks and considerations when sourcing harbour cranes from China?

Sourcing harbour cranes from China comes with several potential risks and considerations. Quality control can be a challenge, as not all manufacturers adhere to the same quality standards. Therefore, thorough due diligence is necessary to identify reliable and reputable suppliers. Language and cultural differences can also pose risks, making effective communication with Chinese suppliers essential to avoid misunderstandings. Additionally, there are cybersecurity concerns, particularly with the presence of undocumented cellular modems in some Chinese-built cranes, which could potentially disrupt operations. Ensuring compliance with international standards and regulations, such as ISO and CE certifications, is vital. Engaging local agents or procurement specialists can help mitigate these risks and facilitate smooth