In the heart of China’s bustling ports, a revolution in container crane operation is transforming the landscape of global trade. With the country boasting 18 automated container terminals and another 27 under construction or renovation, China is at the forefront of intelligent port development. This cutting-edge technology, exemplified by facilities like the fully automated container terminal at Rizhao Port, leverages advanced systems such as the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System and 5G technology to enhance efficiency and reduce costs.

In this in-depth guide, we will delve into the intricacies of container crane operation in China, exploring the innovative technologies and operational strategies that have propelled Chinese ports to new heights. Readers can expect to learn about the design, construction, and management of automated terminals, the role of domestic and international technologies, and the significant economic and logistical benefits these advancements bring. Additionally, we will address the global implications of China’s dominance in port equipment manufacturing, including the security concerns associated with Chinese-made cranes in international ports.

US warns of cyberthreat from China container cranes

Guide to Cyber Risks from Chinese-Made Container Cranes in U.S. Ports

Introduction

The U.S. Coast Guard has issued a significant warning regarding the cyber security risks associated with Chinese-made ship-to-shore (STS) cranes used in American ports. This guide provides an in-depth look at the nature of these risks, the measures being taken, and the implications for national security and port operations.

The Scope of the Issue

• Prevalence of Chinese-Made Cranes: These cranes handle nearly 80% of container operations in U.S. ports, making them a critical component of the country’s maritime infrastructure.
• Remote Access Vulnerabilities: The cranes can be controlled, serviced, and programmed from remote locations, which introduces significant cyber security risks.

Cyber Security Risks

• Potential for Attacks: The remote access features of these cranes make them susceptible to cyber attacks, which could compromise the security and efficiency of port operations.
• Suspicious Device Installations: Recent investigations have uncovered suspicious modems installed on some cranes, raising concerns about possible spying and interference with port operations.
• Pattern of Suspicious Activity: A congressional investigation identified a pattern of suspicious device installations, further highlighting the potential for malicious activities.

Government Response

• Cybersecurity Directive: The U.S. Coast Guard released a new cybersecurity directive, MARSEC 105-5, on November 13, 2024, which outlines the risks and necessary precautions. This directive builds on earlier notices and follows President Joe Biden’s order to enhance protections against cyber threats linked to China.
• Collaboration with Other Agencies: The Coast Guard worked in conjunction with the Department of Defense and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) to develop these guidelines.
• Tariffs on Chinese-Made Cranes: The Biden administration has imposed a 25% tariff on Chinese-made cranes for orders placed after May 2024, although some exceptions have been made.

Impact on Port Operators

• Criticism from the American Ports Association: The association has criticized the tariff, arguing that it increases costs without providing clear alternatives.
• Cybersecurity Training: The Department of Homeland Security and CISA have launched a new cybersecurity training platform for port operators to enhance their security measures.
• Low Uptake of Cybersecurity Services: Despite these efforts, only 36% of private operators have utilized Coast Guard cybersecurity services, leaving many ports vulnerable.

National Security Implications

• Threat to National Security: The potential for cyber attacks on these critical infrastructure components poses a significant threat to national security, as it could disrupt essential supply chains and compromise the integrity of port operations.
• Need for Enhanced Security Measures: The ongoing risks highlight the need for continuous vigilance and the implementation of robust security measures to protect against cyber threats.

Future Steps and Recommendations

• Adoption of Cybersecurity Guidelines: Port operators must adhere to the new cybersecurity guidelines and ensure that all personnel are trained to recognize and mitigate potential cyber threats.
• Regular Security Audits: Regular security audits and inspections are crucial to identify and address any vulnerabilities in the cranes and associated systems.
• Collaboration and Information Sharing: Enhanced collaboration between government agencies, port operators, and private sector entities is essential for sharing intelligence and best practices to combat cyber threats effectively.

By understanding the scope of the issue, the risks involved, and the measures being taken, stakeholders can work together to enhance the security of U.S. ports and protect against the evolving cyber threats associated with Chinese-made container cranes.

Why China’s cargo cranes at U.S. ports pose espionage risk

Chinese Cargo Cranes: Security Risks to US Ports

Introduction

The use of Chinese-made cargo cranes in US ports has raised significant security concerns due to potential cyber vulnerabilities and national security risks. Here is a comprehensive guide outlining the key issues and recommendations based on recent investigations and reports.

Dominance of Chinese Cranes in US Ports

• Chinese company Shanghai Zhenhua Heavy Industries (ZPMC), owned and controlled by the People’s Republic of China (PRC), dominates the global market for ship-to-shore (STS) port cranes, accounting for roughly 80% of those operational in the US[1][3][5].

Security Risks and Vulnerabilities

Cyber Vulnerabilities

• ZPMC cranes are equipped with cellular modems that could be remotely accessed, posing a risk of espionage and disruption. These modems were often installed without the knowledge or consent of US port authorities and beyond the scope of existing contracts[2][3][5].

National Security Concerns

• The PRC’s national security laws mandate that companies cooperate with state intelligence agencies, which means ZPMC could be compelled to provide access to the Chinese government. This raises concerns about potential espionage and sabotage of US port operations[1][3][5].

Unauthorized Modifications

• US ports have multimillion-dollar contracts with ZPMC that do not prohibit or limit unauthorized modifications or access to equipment and technology. This lack of oversight allows for the potential installation of backdoors or other malicious modifications[1][5].

Investigation Findings

Congressional Probe

• A year-long joint investigation by the House Homeland Security Committee and the Select Committee on the Chinese Communist Party found significant vulnerabilities in ZPMC cranes. The investigation highlighted that these cranes could serve as a “Trojan horse” for the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to exploit and manipulate US maritime equipment and technology[2][3][5].

Unexpected Communications Equipment

• The investigation discovered communications equipment, including cellular modems, that were not requested by US ports and could be used for covert national-security risks. Some of these modems were used for operational functions, but others were installed without clear purposes[2][3].

Recommendations and Actions

Severing Remote Access

• The committees recommend severing the connections between ZPMC cranes and cellular modems to prevent potential remote access by the Chinese government or other PRC entities[1][3].

Operational Technology Monitoring

• Installing operational technology monitoring software is suggested to enhance the security and monitoring of crane operations[1].

DHS and US Coast Guard Involvement

• The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the US Coast Guard are advised to prioritize closing security gaps, particularly at Guam’s port, and ensure the safety and security of DoD-designated commercial strategic seaports[1].

MARSEC Directive 105-5

• The US Coast Guard has issued MARSEC Directive 105-5, which outlines additional cyber risk management actions for STS cranes made by Chinese companies. This directive includes requirements for owners or operators to contact their local Captain of the Port (COTP) or cognizant District Commander to acquire the directive and implement necessary security measures[4].

Broader Implications

Supply Chain Risks

• The reliance on Chinese-made cranes and components raises concerns about the security of US maritime supply chains. In a potential future dispute, the PRC could restrict or manipulate the supply of critical components, impacting US maritime infrastructure[1].

Economic and National Security Impact

• The vulnerabilities in these cranes could allow the CCP to undercut trade competitors through espionage, disrupt supply chains, and devastate the US economy. This poses a significant risk to national security and the overall functioning of critical infrastructure[2][3].

Conclusion

The use of Chinese-made cargo cranes in US ports presents substantial security risks, including cyber vulnerabilities and potential espionage. Addressing these risks through stringent security measures, severing unauthorized remote access, and enhancing monitoring capabilities is crucial to protecting US national security and maritime infrastructure.

US warns of cyberthreat from China container cranes

Given the absence of direct access to the specific Yahoo Finance article, the following guide is compiled based on the information provided from the other sources, which extensively cover the topic of cybersecurity and national security risks associated with Chinese-made container cranes in U.S. ports.

Introduction

The presence of Chinese-made container cranes in U.S. ports has raised significant concerns regarding cybersecurity and national security. This guide outlines the key findings and implications of recent investigations and warnings issued by U.S. government agencies and committees.

Dominance of Chinese-Made Cranes

• Shanghai Zhenhua Heavy Industries (ZPMC), a Chinese state-owned enterprise, dominates the global market for ship-to-shore (STS) cranes, accounting for nearly 80% of STS cranes in U.S. ports[1][2].

Cybersecurity Risks

• Unauthorized Installations and Remote Access: ZPMC cranes have been found with unauthorized installations of cellular modems, and the company has requested remote access to its cranes in U.S. ports. These features pose significant cybersecurity risks, allowing potential unauthorized control and data collection[1][2][4].
• Built-in Vulnerabilities: The U.S. Coast Guard has warned that Chinese-made cranes come with built-in vulnerabilities that enable remote access, which could be exploited for espionage and cyber threats[4].

National Security Implications

• Trojan Horse Scenario: The investigations suggest that ZPMC cranes could serve as a “Trojan horse” for the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the People’s Republic of China (PRC) military to exploit and manipulate U.S. maritime equipment and technology[1][2].
• Influence Over Supply Chains: China’s control over critical components and materials essential to U.S. maritime infrastructure could allow the PRC to restrict or manipulate supplies in the event of a dispute, severely disrupting U.S. commercial activities and hindering military deployments[2].

Geopolitical Concerns

• Taiwan and Indo-Pacific Region: The geopolitical ambitions of China, particularly regarding Taiwan, raise concerns about the security of U.S. maritime supply chains. In a potential future dispute, the PRC could leverage its control over critical infrastructure to influence global military and commercial activities[1][2].

Regulatory and Government Responses

• Executive Orders: The Biden administration has issued executive orders granting the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) expanded authority to deal with maritime cyber threats, including setting cybersecurity standards for American port networks and systems[1][2].
• Committee Recommendations: The House Committee on Homeland Security and other committees have urged greater urgency in addressing these threats, recommending policy solutions such as waivers to burdensome procurement requirements and incentives for the domestic manufacture of critical port equipment[1][2].

Industry and Stakeholder Reactions

• American Association of Port Authorities (AAPA): The AAPA has acknowledged the importance of the committee’s work and emphasized the need for continued collaboration with federal government leaders to address evolving threat landscapes[1].
• Supplier Refusal to Comply: Companies like ABB have been requested to remedy vulnerabilities in their China-based supply chains but have refused, prioritizing financial gain over security concerns[2].

Conclusion

The presence of Chinese-made container cranes in U.S. ports poses significant cybersecurity and national security risks. Addressing these vulnerabilities requires immediate and coordinated efforts from government agencies, port authorities, and industry stakeholders to ensure the security and integrity of U.S. maritime infrastructure.

Joint Investigation into CCP-Backed Company Supplying …

Joint Investigation into CCP-Backed Company Supplying Cranes to U.S. Ports: Key Findings and Implications

Introduction

A joint investigation by several House committees has uncovered significant concerns regarding Chinese-built cargo cranes deployed at U.S. ports. The investigation focuses on Shanghai Zhenhua Heavy Industries (ZPMC), a Chinese state-owned company, and its potential to pose security risks to the United States.

Scope of ZPMC’s Involvement

• Market Dominance: ZPMC accounts for nearly 80% of the ship-to-shore (STS) cranes in use at U.S. maritime ports[1][2].
• Manufacturing and Installation: Many of these cranes are built in an area adjacent to a shipyard where the People’s Liberation Army Navy’s most advanced warships are constructed, including the PRC’s third aircraft carrier and its fleet of Type 055 and Type 052 destroyers[1].

Discovery of Unauthorized Communications Equipment

• Cellular Modems: The investigation revealed the presence of cellular modems on ZPMC crane components at multiple U.S. ports. These modems were not part of the original equipment contracts and were installed without the knowledge or request of U.S. port officials[1].
• Server Room Modem: A cellular modem was also found in a server room at one of the U.S. ports, which houses the firewall and networking equipment for the STS cranes[1].

Security Concerns

• Potential for Espionage: The presence of these unauthorized modems has fueled concerns that the cranes could be used for spying on U.S. ports. This is particularly alarming given ZPMC’s ties to the Chinese government and the strategic importance of U.S. maritime infrastructure[1][2].
• FBI Findings: In 2021, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) discovered intelligence gathering equipment on a vessel delivering ZPMC cranes to the Port of Baltimore, further exacerbating security concerns[1].

Investigation Details

• Joint Committee Efforts: The investigation involved several House committees and included testimonies from maritime experts and federal agencies. It highlighted significant security vulnerabilities in the supply chains of multinational companies, such as ABB, which supplies operational components to ZPMC[1][2].
• ABB’s Role: ABB’s components are shipped to China, stored for several months, and then installed on U.S.-bound port equipment by ZPMC engineers. This process has raised concerns about the potential for tampering or the installation of unauthorized equipment[1].

Operational and Cybersecurity Risks

• Unauthorized Modem Installations: While some modems were used for legitimate operational functions such as remote monitoring and maintenance tracking, others were installed without any apparent operational need or request from the ports[1].
• Cybersecurity Threats: The presence of unauthorized communications equipment poses significant cybersecurity risks, as it could be used to exploit U.S. maritime equipment and technology[2].

Recommendations and Actions

• Prioritizing Cybersecurity: The report emphasizes the need to prioritize cybersecurity, strengthen regulations, and invest in domestic manufacturing to ensure safer and more secure U.S. ports[2].
• Regulatory Actions: There is a call for immediate action to address the security vulnerabilities identified in the investigation, including stricter oversight of foreign-made equipment and enhanced security protocols for U.S. ports[1][2].

Conclusion

The joint investigation has revealed critical security concerns related to Chinese-built cranes at U.S. ports, highlighting the need for robust measures to protect U.S. economic and homeland security. Addressing these issues is crucial for maintaining the integrity and security of U.S. maritime infrastructure.

China can spy on US with intelligence-gathering devices …

Guide to Chinese Espionage Threats Through Seaport Cranes in the US

Introduction

A recent congressional investigation has uncovered significant national security concerns regarding Chinese-made cranes used at U.S. seaports. These cranes, manufactured by the state-owned Shanghai Zhenhua Heavy Industries Company Limited (ZPMC), contain technology that could be exploited by the Chinese government for espionage and disruption of critical infrastructure.

Key Findings of the Congressional Investigation

Presence of Undocumented Cellular Modems

• The investigation revealed that numerous Chinese-made cranes at U.S. ports were equipped with cellular modems that were not requested by the ports or included in the contracts with ZPMC[1][2][3].
• These modems, connected to the cranes’ operating systems, could be used for remote communication and data collection, posing a significant security risk.

Remote Access and Maintenance

• ZPMC had pressured port operators to allow remote access to the cranes for diagnostic and maintenance purposes. However, this access could potentially be extended to other Chinese government entities due to China’s national-security laws that mandate cooperation with state intelligence agencies[1][2][4].

Security Vulnerabilities

• The presence of these modems creates a backdoor security vulnerability, allowing potential access by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to the cranes’ systems. This could enable espionage, disruption of supply chains, and sabotage of port operations[1][3][4].

Implications for National Security

Threat to Critical Infrastructure

• The widespread use of Chinese-made cranes, which account for nearly 80% of the seaport cranes in the U.S., makes the country’s critical infrastructure vulnerable to exploitation. This could have devastating economic and security consequences, including the potential to cripple key infrastructure and disrupt supply chains[1][4][5].

Economic and Security Consequences

• A shutdown or disruption of port operations due to these vulnerabilities could have catastrophic effects on the U.S. economy. The ability of the CCP to collect valuable intelligence and position themselves to exploit vulnerabilities in America’s critical infrastructure is a significant concern[2][4].

Government Response and Mitigation Efforts

Executive Order and Cybersecurity Directives

• In response to these findings, President Biden issued an executive order granting the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) more authority to address maritime cyber threats. The U.S. Coast Guard has been authorized to require marine transportation systems to improve their cyber security[4][5].

New Cyber-Risk Management Requirements

• Owners and operators of Chinese-made container cranes at U.S. ports are now subject to new cyber-risk management requirements. The Coast Guard has issued a Maritime Security Directive outlining necessary actions to mitigate these risks[5].

Domestic Production Initiatives

• To reduce dependence on Chinese-manufactured cranes, the U.S. is working with Japanese heavy industrial companies to start domestic production of ship-to-shore cranes, aiming for a reliable supply of critical hardware[3].

Recommendations for Ports and Operators

Immediate Action

• Ports and operators are advised to immediately contact their local captain of the port or district commander to obtain and comply with the new cyber-risk management directives[5].

Enhanced Cybersecurity Measures

• Implementing better cybersecurity measures, such as monitoring for malicious cyberactivity and ensuring that all components of the crane systems are secure, is crucial to preventing potential security incidents[5].

Transparency and Compliance

• Ensuring transparency in contracts and compliance with security protocols is essential. Any evidence of sabotage, subversive activity, or cyber incidents must be reported immediately to the relevant authorities[5].

Conclusion

The presence of Chinese-made cranes with embedded intelligence-gathering technology at U.S. seaports poses a significant threat to national security and critical infrastructure. The findings of the congressional investigation highlight the need for immediate action to mitigate these risks through enhanced cybersecurity measures, compliance with new directives, and initiatives to reduce dependence on Chinese-manufactured equipment.

Crane Collapses on to MSC Feeder Alongside in Chinese …

Incident Overview

Date and Location

The incident occurred on September 16, 2024, at the Port of Yantian in southern China.

Involved Vessel

The vessel involved was the MSC Riona, a feeder container ship with a capacity of 1,730 TEUs. The ship was built in 1998 and was acquired by Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC) in 2021.

Details of the Incident

Time and Circumstances

The incident happened around 8:40 AM local time. The MSC Riona had just docked and was preparing for container handling operations when the accident occurred.

Crane Malfunction

A gantry crane at the port malfunctioned, causing its arm to collapse onto the container stacks aboard the MSC Riona. This resulted in several containers falling into the harbor, while others were damaged on the ship and the dock.

Impact and Consequences

Operational Disruptions

Operations involving the MSC Riona were suspended immediately following the incident. Additionally, two other gantry cranes of the same age and manufacturer were also taken out of service as a precautionary measure. This disruption primarily affected Berth 2 of the port complex, although other areas of the port continued to operate normally.

Damage Assessment

• Several containers were knocked into the harbor.
• Containers on the ship and the dock were damaged.
• The crane itself was severely damaged.

Safety and Injuries

Fortunately, no injuries were reported during the incident.

Investigation and Response

Official Investigation

Port officials and Chinese authorities are conducting an investigation to determine the cause of the crane malfunction. Preliminary reports suggest that the crane arm collapsed while it was being prepared for handling containers.

Salvage and Recovery

Salvage operations are underway to recover the containers that fell into the water and to clear debris caused by the collapsed crane.

Vessel History and Compliance

Previous Issues

In May 2024, Chinese officials in Shenzhen cited the MSC Riona for multiple deficiencies, including issues with its main propulsion engines. However, a follow-up inspection the next day gave the ship a clean report, indicating that the issues had been addressed.

Operational Routes

The MSC Riona operates on a route between China, Singapore, and the Philippines as part of its intra-Asia service.

Conclusion

The incident highlights the importance of maintaining and inspecting port equipment to prevent such malfunctions. The suspension of operations for the affected cranes and the vessel ensures safety and allows for a thorough investigation into the cause of the malfunction. The prompt response and salvage operations aim to minimize delays and restore normal port operations as soon as possible.

Pentagon Sees Giant Cargo Cranes as Possible Chinese …

Guide to Chinese-Made Cargo Cranes as Potential Spying Tools

Introduction

U.S. national security and Pentagon officials have raised significant concerns that Chinese-made cargo cranes operating at American ports could be used as spying tools by China. Here is a comprehensive guide to the issue.

Background

The concern revolves around ship-to-shore cranes manufactured by Chinese companies, notably ZPMC (Zhenhua Heavy Industries Company Limited). These cranes are widely used in U.S. ports, including those utilized by the U.S. military.

Key Concerns

Sophisticated Sensors and Tracking Capabilities

• The cranes are equipped with sophisticated and inexpensive sensors that can register and track the provenance and destination of containers[1][2][4].
• This capability raises fears that China could capture information about shipping defense supplies in or out of the country, potentially compromising U.S. military operations.

Remote Access and Disruption of Goods Flow

• Former top U.S. counterintelligence official Bill Evanina highlighted that these cranes could provide remote access, allowing someone to disrupt the flow of goods. He compared the cranes to Huawei, a Chinese telecom giant whose equipment has been banned in the U.S. due to spying concerns[1][2][4].

Cybersecurity Risks

• The cranes use software, much of which is also manufactured in China, making them vulnerable to hacking and cyberattacks. This opens up the possibility of China clogging American ports or spying on military hardware without deploying any personnel[3][5].

Extent of Chinese Involvement

Dominance in Crane Manufacturing

• ZPMC, a Chinese state-owned company, manufactures close to 80% of the cranes currently in use at U.S. ports[4][5].

Military and Civilian Use

• Several of these cranes are used by the U.S. military, further exacerbating the security concerns[2][4].

Official Responses and Reactions

U.S. Government and Agencies

• The Coast Guard, on behalf of the Department of Homeland Security, has issued new cyber-risk management requirements for owners and operators of Chinese-made cranes to reduce the risk of Chinese espionage[5].
• The FBI and the Department of Transportation’s Maritime Administration have also warned about the security risks associated with these cranes and other Chinese-made logistics equipment[5].

Chinese Government Response

• The Chinese Embassy in Washington has dismissed the concerns as “paranoia-driven” and argued that such debates hinder trade and economic cooperation between China and the U.S.[1][2][4].

Implications and Future Actions

National Security Implications

• Ret. Gen. Jack Keane described this as part of the “most comprehensive penetration of the United States in our entire history,” highlighting the need for a strong response to China’s espionage efforts[4].

Regulatory and Funding Measures

• New regulations and funding are being implemented to bring port crane manufacturing capabilities back to the U.S. and enhance the security of U.S. ports[5].

International and Military Preparedness

• There is a call for increased military preparedness and strengthening alliances to counter China’s growing technological and economic influence[4].

Conclusion

The use of Chinese-made cargo cranes at U.S. ports has raised significant national security concerns due to their potential for espionage and disruption of supply chains. While the Chinese government denies these allegations, the U.S. is taking proactive measures to mitigate these risks and ensure the security of its ports and military operations.

Chinese ‘spy cranes’ threat to national security, probe finds

Since the provided URL leads to a specific article on thenewstribune.com and the content of that article is not accessible in the search results, I cannot extract the specific information from that article. However, I can guide you on how to create an in-depth guide based on a typical news article from a local news source.

Guide to Creating an In-Depth Guide from a Local News Article

Step 1: Understand the Article’s Content

• Identify the Main Topic: Determine the central theme or issue discussed in the article.
• Key Points: Note down the main points, including any statistics, quotes, or significant events mentioned.

Step 2: Structure Your Guide

Introduction

• Brief Overview: Provide a concise summary of the article’s main topic.
• Importance: Explain why this topic is relevant and important to the local community.

Background Information

• Context: Offer some background information on the topic to help readers understand its significance.
• History: If applicable, include a brief history related to the topic.

Main Points and Analysis

• Detailed Explanation: Break down the main points of the article into sections.
• Subheadings: Use subheadings to organize each key point.
• In-Depth Analysis: Provide an in-depth analysis of each point, including any supporting data or quotes from the article.
• Implications: Discuss the implications of each point on the local community.

Key Figures and Quotes

• Interviews and Statements: Highlight any notable interviews or statements from key figures mentioned in the article.
• Perspectives: Analyze the different perspectives presented in the article.

Impact and Consequences

• Local Impact: Discuss how the topic affects the local community.
• Future Consequences: Speculate on any potential future consequences based on the information provided in the article.

Community Reaction

• Public Response: Describe how the local community has reacted to the news.
• Opinions and Feedback: Include any notable opinions or feedback from community members.

Conclusion

• Summary: Summarize the main points discussed in the guide.
• Call to Action: If applicable, suggest any actions readers can take in response to the information presented.

Step 3: Enhance with Additional Information

• Related Topics: Include any related topics or additional context that might help readers understand the issue better.
• Resources: Provide resources or links to further reading if available.

Step 4: Review and Edit

• Clarity and Coherence: Ensure the guide is clear, coherent, and easy to follow.
• Accuracy: Verify all information to ensure accuracy and reliability.

Example Outline

Introduction

Brief Overview

• Summary of the main topic discussed in the article.

Importance

• Why this topic is relevant and important to the local community.

Background Information

Context

• Background information to help readers understand the significance of the topic.

History

• Brief history related to the topic if applicable.

Main Points and Analysis

Point 1: [Topic Subheading]

• Detailed explanation of the first main point.
• In-depth analysis and supporting data or quotes.

Point 2: [Topic Subheading]

• Detailed explanation of the second main point.
• In-depth analysis and supporting data or quotes.

Key Figures and Quotes

Interviews and Statements

• Notable interviews or statements from key figures.

Perspectives

• Analysis of the different perspectives presented.

Impact and Consequences

Local Impact

• How the topic affects the local community.

Future Consequences

• Potential future consequences based on the article.

Community Reaction

Public Response

• Description of how the local community has reacted.

Opinions and Feedback

• Notable opinions or feedback from community members.

Conclusion

Summary

• Summary of the main points discussed.

Call to Action

• Suggested actions readers can take in response to the information.

By following this structure, you can create a comprehensive and well-structured guide based on the content of the local news article.

World’s Largest Quay Cranes on their Way from China

World’s Largest Quay Cranes: An In-Depth Guide

Introduction

The world’s largest quay cranes, manufactured by Shanghai’s Zhenhua Port Machinery Company (ZPMC), are revolutionary pieces of equipment designed to handle the next generation of ultra-large container ships. Here is a comprehensive guide to these giants.

Specifications and Capabilities

Height and Reach

• These quay cranes stand at an impressive height of 453 feet, taller than the length of a football field, including the end zones[2][4].
• The boom of these cranes has a reach that allows them to pick up containers 25 rows across the deck, exceeding the width of the world’s largest container ships[2][4].

Operational Efficiency

Semi-Automated Technology

• The cranes are semi-automated, enabling quick and efficient handling of containers. This automation is connected directly to the Terminal Operating System, which tracks the containers and sends work orders to the crane operators[2][4].

Installation and Deployment

Destination and Purpose

• The first three of these giant cranes have been shipped to the London Gateway container port in the UK. This port is expected to start operations on the first berth in the fourth quarter of the year, with five quay cranes and two rail-mounted gantry cranes provided by ZPMC[2][4].

Additional Equipment

• In addition to the quay cranes, the port will also be equipped with 10 automatic stacking cranes and 18 straddle carriers provided by Cargotec[2][4].

Economic and Logistical Impact

Cost Savings

• The installation of these cranes is expected to bring significant savings to importers and exporters. Shippers can reduce round-trip transport costs by an estimated $94 per container to the North-West and Midlands and $300 per container for London and the South East[2][4].

Supply Chain Efficiency

• The cranes future-proof the port, allowing it to handle the next generation of ultra-large container ships. This enhances the overall efficiency of the supply chain, making the port more competitive and reliable[2][4].

Conclusion

The world’s largest quay cranes, manufactured by ZPMC, represent a significant advancement in port machinery. With their impressive height, extensive reach, and semi-automated technology, these cranes are set to revolutionize container handling at major ports like the London Gateway. Their deployment is expected to bring substantial economic benefits and improve logistical efficiency, making them a crucial component of modern port operations.

Biden admin warns House about China’s major presence …

Given that the specific website content from CNBC is not provided in the search results, the following guide is constructed based on the information available from the other sources.

Guide to the Security Risks of Chinese-Made Cranes in US Ports

Introduction

The use of Chinese-made cranes, particularly those manufactured by Shanghai Zhenhua Heavy Industries (ZPMC), has raised significant security concerns for US ports. Here is a comprehensive guide to the issues and risks involved.

Dominance of ZPMC in the Global Market

• ZPMC, a company owned and controlled by the People’s Republic of China (PRC), dominates the global market share of ship-to-shore (STS) port cranes, accounting for roughly 80% of the STS cranes operational in the US[1][2][4].

Security Risks and Vulnerabilities

Cybersecurity Threats

• The cranes manufactured by ZPMC contain sophisticated digital systems, including cellular modems, which can provide independent connections bypassing the port’s local area network. This raises concerns about potential backdoors and unauthorized access to the equipment[1][2][5].
• The report highlights that ZPMC or its third-party contractors have installed these cellular modems without the oversight of the original manufacturers, and have requested remote access to the cranes, which could be extended to other PRC government entities[1][2].

National Security Risks

• ZPMC is identified as a “Communist Chinese Military Company” by the Department of Defense and is involved in militarizing the South China Sea. This association raises concerns about the potential for the PRC to exploit and manipulate US maritime equipment and technology[1][2][3].
• The PRC’s national security laws mandate cooperation with state intelligence agencies, which further exacerbates the risk of espionage and disruption of US port operations[1][3].

Contractual and Oversight Issues

• US ports have multimillion-dollar contracts with ZPMC that do not prohibit or limit unauthorized modifications or access to the equipment and technology. These contracts also do not specifically bar the vendor from installing backdoors into the equipment or modifying the technology[1][3].
• The lack of oversight during the assembly and installation of critical crane components, which are often sourced from other countries but assembled in China, adds to the security risks[1][3].

Geopolitical Implications

• The PRC’s geopolitical ambitions, particularly regarding Taiwan, raise concerns about the security of US maritime supply chains. In a potential future dispute, the PRC could restrict or manipulate the supply of critical components essential to US maritime infrastructure[1][3].
• This dominance in the maritime sector allows the PRC to potentially track the movement of goods through US ports or even halt port activity, influencing global military and commercial activities[3].

Recommendations and Actions

Immediate Mitigation

• The committees recommend severing the connections between ZPMC cranes and cellular modems and installing operational technology monitoring software to mitigate immediate risks[1][3].

Long-Term Solutions

• The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the US Coast Guard are advised to prioritize closing security gaps at strategic seaports, such as Guam’s port, and ensure the safety and security of DoD-designated commercial strategic seaports[1][3].
• There is a push for the US to invest in domestic manufacturing of port equipment to reduce reliance on Chinese-made cranes. The Biden administration has announced plans to strengthen maritime cybersecurity, fortify the supply chain, and invest $20 billion into US port infrastructure over the next five years[1][4].

Economic and Regulatory Responses

Tariffs and Trade Policies

• The US has implemented sweeping tariffs on Chinese goods, including a 25% tariff on Chinese-made STS cranes, effective in 2024, with exclusions for contracts executed and cranes delivered before specific dates[5].
• These tariffs aim to balance economic and security interests, though they face resistance from port operators who argue that immediate implementation could raise costs and delay critical port infrastructure investments[5].

Industry Response and Challenges

• The American Association of Port Authorities (AAPA) has acknowledged the potential risks but emphasized the lack of any documented security breaches involving port equipment to date. However, the industry remains cautious and in dialogue with the US government[1][4].
• The deep dependence on Chinese equipment in the maritime sector makes it challenging for commercial actors to comply fully with new cybersecurity and national security measures, as it could cause operational and financial hardship[4].

In conclusion, the use of Chinese-made cranes in US ports poses significant cybersecurity and national security risks. Addressing these risks requires a multifaceted approach involving immediate mitigation measures, long-term investments in domestic manufacturing, and regulatory actions to reduce dependence on Chinese equipment.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What happened in the recent crane collapse incident in the port of Yantian, China?

In the port of Yantian, China, a gantry crane malfunctioned and collapsed onto the MSC feeder ship MSC Riona on September 16, 2024. The incident occurred while the crane was being prepared for container handling. Although no one was injured, several containers were knocked into the harbor, and others were damaged on the ship or fell to the dock. The vessel, which operates a route between China, Singapore, and the Philippines, was not found to have contributed to the incident. As a precaution, operations were suspended for the MSC ship and two other gantry cranes of the same age and manufacturer.

What are the concerns regarding Chinese-manufactured container cranes in U.S. ports?

There are significant concerns regarding Chinese-manufactured container cranes in U.S. ports due to potential security and cyber threats. Investigations have revealed that some of these cranes, particularly those made by Shanghai Zhenhua Heavy Industries (ZPMC), contain unexpected communications equipment such as cellular modems. These modems could potentially be used for remote access and espionage, posing a covert national-security risk. The presence of these modems, which were not documented in contracts and were installed without the knowledge of U.S. port personnel, has fueled concerns that China could disrupt U.S. critical infrastructure and supply chains.

How advanced are the latest container cranes being manufactured in China?

The latest container cranes manufactured in China, such as those produced by Shanghai Zhenhua Port Machinery Company (ZPMC), are highly advanced and feature cutting-edge technology. These cranes are capable of handling containers across 25 rows of a ship’s deck, exceeding the width of the world’s largest container ships. They are semi-automated, connected directly to Terminal Operating Systems, and enable quick and efficient container handling. These cranes are designed to future-proof ports, allowing them to handle the next generation of ultra-large container ships with high productivity and reliability.

What measures are being taken to address the security risks associated with Chinese-made container cranes?

To address the security risks associated with Chinese-made container cranes, several measures are being implemented. The U.S. Coast Guard has issued directives, such as MARSEC Directive 105-5, which set out additional cyber risk management requirements for ship-to-shore cranes made by Chinese companies. These directives require port and terminal operators to take immediate action to mitigate potential vulnerabilities. Additionally, there are plans to replace Chinese-manufactured cranes with ones made in America, as stipulated by an executive order signed by President Joe Biden. The removal of suspicious communications equipment, such as cellular modems, has also been undertaken in some cases.

How do incidents like the Yantian crane collapse impact port operations?

Incidents like the Yantian crane collapse can significantly impact port operations. Following the collapse, operations were suspended for the affected MSC ship and two other gantry cranes of the same age and manufacturer as a precautionary measure. This disruption can lead to delays in container handling and shipping schedules, affecting the overall efficiency and productivity of the port. While the incident may be isolated to a specific berth or area, it can still cause broader operational disruptions and necessitate inspections and maintenance checks on similar equipment to ensure safety and prevent future incidents.